Cather In The Rye And Pony Family Essays - J. D. Salinger

Cather In The Rye And Pony Family The protagonist, Holden Caulfield, interacts with many people throughout J.D. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye, but probably none have as much impact on him as certain members of his immediate family. The ways Holden acts around or reacts to the various members of his family give the reader a direct view of Holden's philosophy surrounding each member. How do Holden's different opinions of his family compare and do his views constitute enough merit to be deemed truth? Holden makes reference to the word "phony" forty-four separate times throughout the novel (Corbett 68-73). Each time he seems to be referring to the subject of this metaphor as -- someone who discriminates against others, is a hypocrite about something, or has manifestations of conformity (Corbett 71). Throughout The Catcher in the Rye, Holden describes and interacts with various members of his family. The way he talks about or to each gives you some idea of whether he thinks they are "phony" or normal. A few of his accounts make it more obvious than others to discover how he classifies each family member. From the very first page of the novel, Holden begins to refer to his parents as distant and generalizes both his father and mother frequently throughout his chronicle. One example is: "...my parents would have about two hemorrhages apiece if I told anything personal about them. They're quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father. They're nice and all ? I'm not saying that ? but they're also touchy as hell" (Salinger 1). Holden's father is a lawyer and therefore he considers him "phony" because he views his father's occupation unswervingly as a parallel of his father's personality. For example, when Holden is talking to Phoebe about what he wants to be when he grows up, he cannot answer her question and proceeds to give her his opinion about their father's occupation.. ?Lawyers are all right, I guess ? but it doesn't appeal to me,' I said. ?I mean they're all right if they go around saving innocent guys' lives all the time, and like that, but you don't do that kind of stuff if you're a lawyer. All you do is make a lot of dough and play golf and play bridge and buy cars and drink Martinis and look like a hot-shot. How would you know you weren't being a phony? The trouble is, you wouldn't' (Salinger 172). When Holden describes his mom, he always seems to do so with a sense of compassion yet also with a jeering tone. Holden makes his mom sound predictable and insincere. These phony qualities are shown in two different examples when Holden is hiding in the closet of D.B.'s room as his mom walks in to tuck in Phoebe: ?Hello!' I heard old Phoebe say. ?I couldn't sleep. Did you have a good time?' ?Marvelous,' my mother said, but you could tell she didn't mean it. She doesn't enjoy herself much when she goes out. ...'Good night. Go to sleep now. I have a splitting headache,' my mother said. She gets headaches quite frequently. She really does (Salinger 177-178). The first two examples are excellent illustrations of how Holden classifies people as phonies. However, when it comes to Holden's older brother, D.B., more analysis is needed to derive Holden's true feelings about his brother. Holden seems to respect his older brother somewhat but cannot tolerate the imposed false image brought on by D.B.'s career choice as a screen-play writer. For example, this sense of respect is shown when D.B. takes Holden and Phoebe to see Hamlet: "He treated us to lunch first, and then he took us. He'd already seen it, and the way he talked about it at lunch, I was anxious as hell to see it, too" (Salinger 117). Holden feels that all movies and shows are false, absurdly exaggerated portrayals of reality and subsequently because his brother takes part in these perversions of realism, he is a "phony." He's in Hollywood. That's isn't too far from this crumby place, and he comes over and visits me practically every week end...He's got a lot of dough, now. He didn't use to. He used to be just a regular writer, when he was home (Salinger 1). Now he's out in Hollywood, D.B., being a prostitute. If there's one thing I hate, it's the movies. Don't even mention them to me (Salinger 2). The way that Holden interacts with his sister, Phoebe, and the way Allie's death still affects Holden

Free Essays on Basquiat Buzzwords

and symbols seem at first to be unimportant, and only after looking deeper can one reach any conclusions. Jean Michel Basquiat exhibits contempt for the use of religion and God to man... Free Essays on Basquiat Buzzwords Free Essays on Basquiat Buzzwords Basquiat’s Buzzwords Born in 1960, Jean Michael Basquiat lived most of his life in New York City. Jean was the product of a multi-racial couple. His mother was half Puerto Rican and half African, and his father was Haitian. Jean rebelled against his middle class status that he was born into. He took to the streets where he felt more comfortable. He was not ashamed of, nor did he try to hide his middle class background from the media, but his personal embrace of the lower class legitimized his statements artistically. Once exposed to the neglected poverty and mistreatment of America’s minorities, Jean’s paintings reflected his discontent. Although, Jean was not considered a political activist many political themes could be found in his work. After a career that lasted only seven years Jean-Michael Basquait died at the young age of twenty seven. Jean repeated themes in his paintings, portraying his ideas innovatively and intellectually. His paintings at first glance seem to have a primitive style, but the symbolism he uses and his chaotic, technique enhances the impact of the message he tries to send. His use of words, phrases, arrows, symbols and scribbles are the reason for much of this, but maybe he felt as if his message would not be heard unless he made use of them. His messages are bold and defiant; at times, his paintings almost express a sort of anger and contempt towards the human condition. It seems that his works suggest a deep-rooted hostility toward the exploitation and corruption of the innocent for capital gain through the use of religion, the stealing of land from natives, and excessive industrialization and commercialism at the expense of those who have no power to change any undesired effect. The placement of words and symbols seem at first to be unimportant, and only after looking deeper can one reach an y conclusions. Jean Michel Basquiat exhibits contempt for the use of religion and God to man...

A Profile of a Place.a Town, a Park, a Room, etc Essay

A Profile of a Place.a Town, a Park, a Room, etc - Essay Example During these activities, they learn how to socialize and communicate. Preschools arrange such outdoor activities that help children learn how to use their problem-solving skills and make choices. Children should learn in preschools the basic knowledge base, which should help them in their academics when they go to kindergarten and the following years. The goal of preschools is to make children learn comprehension, make predictions and decisions, solve problems, draw logics, and interrelate images and language. Hence, preschools focus on the cognitive development of children, preparing them for actual academics. They are taught concepts of time management, cleanliness, concentration, and innovation. I have been intrigued by Craig Child’s experiences written in his book ‘The Animal Dialogues: Uncommon Encounters in the Wild’, and thus I wanted to go to an interesting preschool, and record my own experiences as its profile. The preschool had a very warm and cozy envi ronment, ideal for play activities arranged for young kids. There were around 30 kids, one supervisor and two attendants. There were many sorts of play activities available for kids, such as playing with dough, coloring, trading, jigsaw puzzles, toy slides and swings, and many more. Kids could choose whichever activity they wanted to get themselves occupied with. The most interesting element was that there was a pretend kitchen, which was the main focus of the preschoolers. It contained a toy stove and toy cooking utensils which the children loved to play with. The stove was made out of a big box, overturned with knobs and burners, which were marked on it by a marker. There was toy food on the tables, which had been brought there with the main purpose of teaching the children good eating habits. Children were playing with their toy food with great excitement and fun. They were using the apparatus available in the kitchen to wash and sterilize the toy food, as their friends put the f ood in their mouths. In the article, ‘Develop Your Child's Critical Thinking Skills’, it is stated that, â€Å"Encourage independent thinking. Let your child decide (within reason) what is appropriate for them. Give them enough room to make decisions, but also be there in case their plans don't work out† (Roker, par.8). The instructors were giving children opportunities to explore things and bring new ideas. Moreover, there were many table and chair sets for the kids to use. There were maps, colorful carpets, tiny sofas, bright pictures, funny toys like baby dolls, and a baby calendar hanging on the wall. Kids were using all these as their pretend play. They set the tables and chairs, served each other lunch using toy food, and played chefs. Their sense of creativity was astonishing. They were pretending as if they could smell the yummy food they were playing with. There was also some toy cleaning equipment, like toy brooms and mops, so as to develop the sense of cleanliness in the preschoolers. The supervisor was constantly supervising the kids, with active participation in their play activities. Some kids were surrounding her, asking her different questions. All of them seemed to be very interested in art work and a little pet of theirs, a

Human Rights and English Law (LLB Level) Is Ronald Dworkin a Essay

Human Rights and English Law (LLB Level) Is Ronald Dworkin a positivist or a natural lawyer Discuss, with reference to the differences between the natural - Essay Example classified as a classical Natural lawyer because he does not equate morally unjust law with bad law, although he does highlight the value of the moral dimension to law when he states: â€Å"According to law as integrity, propositions of law are true if they figure in or follow from the principles of justice, fairness and procedural due process that provide the best constructive interpretation of the community’s legal practice.†1 Although Dworkin also endorses some of the Positivist views such that the fact that law is guided by a wide framework of social conventions or rules, he could best be classified as a natural lawyer since he suggests that every legal action has a moral dimension. This aspect assumes special importance in the context of human rights, which are enshrined in international human rights treaties, since human rights are not confined within the limits of a particular state. The universal nature of human rights ascribes to it a moral foundation in its in terpretation, since the moral aspect of human rights involves an identification of the minimum requirements for human beings to lead a good life. Human rights are deemed to be universal in the sense that all human beings have these rights and should be able to enjoy them.2 The idea of law being â€Å"natural† implies that it is derived from the basis of morality. The foundation of natural law is that a putative norm cannot be considered legally valid, unless and until it is able to pass the moral threshold. The utilitarian position on liberty is based upon the proposition that the value of individual freedom is generally associated with that of greater good for society as a whole.3 Therefore, as stated by Feldman, â€Å"once something has been identified as a good, it must prima facie be made available to all without differentiating with reference to preferred outcomes.4 Fuller highlights this aspect of â€Å"good† in attributing an internal system of rules in framing the law. He contends that framing

The European sovereign debt crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The European sovereign debt crisis - Essay Example It was found that from 2009 onwards, some countries in the EMU like Spain, Portugal and other countries in the similar zone, were not able to refinance the debts incurred by the government. This crisis in some of the countries in the EMU had a spill-over effect and had generated an economic scarcity in most of the contemporary economies in the world. The essay in this context desires to throw light on how the crises in some of the economies in the EMU were responsible for the massive and deadly financial crisis in the financial markets of the whole European Union (Ross, 1979). Crisis in a Small Economies Triggered a Large Impact The economies in the contemporary world have become highly integrated in nature after the emergence of globalization and liberalization. The debt crisis that was initially faced by the public authorities in a few small economies in the Euro zone like Spain, Greece etc were responsible for the occurrence of the Sovereign Debt Crisis for the whole European Cont inent. The Property Bubble that occurred in Spain long back in 2007 was largely responsible for the occurrence for the recession in the European economy at the latter stage. It was found that after a long term sustainable growth, the Spanish economy had become highly unproductive in nature. The entrepreneurs started to invest more in the real estate sector. However, it was found that the prices of the properties constantly increased in the economy because real estate trading was used for speculative purposes in the Spanish economy. Ultimately, this caused a fall in the disposable income of the individuals who had to purchase houses at very high prices. The number of the failed projects in the economy started to increase. All the other economic indicators like the government debt, exchange rates, velocity of money circulation, derivative trading etc became worse in the economy at this point of time. As the countries used to follow the regime of fixed policies, the recession in one pa rticular economy had largely triggered the same in other economies in the Euro zone. Greece was one of the poorest nations that had remained in the Euro Area. The government of the country took large amount of loans from the ECB for mitigating the requirements if the expansionary fiscal policies. However it was a matter of concern that the government of the country could not pay back the loans to the ECB. This was the reason for the huge fiscal deficit in the country. Fiscal deficit in the nation contagiously affected the supply of money in the economy. Thus during 2005 and 2009, some countries which were indeed small economies like Spain, Italy, Greece, Portugal etc. had to face severe financial crisis for reasons like property bubble, high fiscal debt or lack of productivity. Since all the nations in the Euro zone were integrated together in terms of the monetary policies taken for them, the crisis in some of the economies soon triggered the same in other economies in the European Continent and generated the severe Sovereign Debt Crisis in the country (Klann, 2007). Impact in the financial Market The financial market in the Euro zone was distressed after the occurrence of the Sovereign Debt Crisis. The severity of the recession caused in the economy has not been completely recovered from even at this juncture of time. Derivatives Market During the Sovereign Debt Crisis, the European economy faced severe financial crisis. The number of failed out financial projects were excessive. The overall productivity of the economy had fallen to a

Foxmeyer Case Study Analysis Information Technology Essay

Foxmeyer Case Study Analysis Information Technology Essay FoxMeyer worked on idea of installing an ERP system to process the million order requests company received each day. ERP system will manage the packaging and routing of pharmaceuticals from various vendors to thousands of hospitals, clinics, drug stores, and other stakeholders. To pursue with the installation, Company hired Andersen Consulting and other consultants to help with the installation. Together with ERP, FoxMeyer decided to install a new warehouse-automation system, increasing the complexity of its plan. FoxMeyer bought the software from well experienced vendor. These systems were designed to automatically pick more than 80% of outgoing orders from shelves in warehouses. Ans1a. FoxMeyer pharmaceuticals had certain critical issues in the change management because of poor planning and not putting on extra efforts in implementation of ERP system. There were certain issues involved with employees with implementation for two systems in a huge scale which resulted them threatened over there job assurance. At FoxMeyer, reports revealed senior management was highly committed in the starting phase but also some users were not as committed. There was some morale problem among the warehouse employees as the projects Pinnacle warehouse automation integration threatened their jobs. The closing of three warehouses and the transition to the first automated warehouse as disaster. Sabotage done by the employees was huge loss to company. Disgruntled workers damaged inventories, orders were not filed and also there were huge mistakes occurred since a new system struggled with the high level of volumes. A total, amount of around $34million worth of inventory were lost as sabotage. Ans1b. Change Management is one of the critical steps an organization has to take while implementing an ERP system. Since one the major problem arises in the FoxMeyer was the loss of confidence among employees in their job security. One of the main contributing factors to this loss in the FoxMeyer case is the automation of processes and main contributor being the computerization of tasks. Implementing change without prior planning or proper strategy in FoxMeyer not only created disaster but also chaos and unrest among workers. Being the Boss of FoxMeyer, I would suggest following strategies in ERP implementation: Communication Strategy: Management in FoxMeyer should be assigned to discuss future strategies- to ensure a thorough approach. This Strategy will include preparing project plan, project progress report and trainings for employees. FoxMeyer presented the case of one-end communication where Management were seen forcing their decision to workers which created chaos and workers were not committed to change. Having proper communications from both side had resulted in better cooperation and motivation for employees. Impact analysis: This is a method thoroughly determined the current system and analysis how the ERP system will affect the Human Resource and business environment. FoxMeyer workers were not provided information with the reason for change and nor was consulted for the willingness of ERP system implementation. Business processes needs to be systematically documented especially for the area which may be affected by new system. Information will be documented is job description and job history which will construct organises comparison on how the real business processes may vary from what has been documented. This analysis will help FoxMeyer to analyse how significantly the ERP system may affect the system, which will be the most affected by the implementation and what raining might be required to ensure the smoothness for the implementation of new system. Skills analysis: Major issues during ERP implementation is training. AS the FoxMeyer workers were not trained properly for the new system, which resulted in poor order processing, inventory lost and greater chaos. This also killed the interests of workers towards change and made them less committed. This strategy will help FoxMeyer to analyse, who needs training to pursue jobs purposes, to find out that needs to be trained and what skills company need to developed. FoxMeyer will pick up and train staff from internal departments accordingly and train them to work with new system. Ans2a. FoxMeyer Project of implementing ERP system hoped to save $40 million annually and project cost estimated to be $65 million and also with complete installation ERP system and Automation system was another $18 million. Ans 2b. The Project lead to Bankruptcy for FoxMeyer. FoxMeyer had a budget of $65 million for implementation of SAP but the final implementation bill was more that $100million. Extra cost also includes  £34million loss of uncollectable shipping an inventory costs. Other costs that FoxMeyer paid was loss of customers, market reputation, Loss of employees, structure and Loss in Share values. Ans2c. An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system covers the techniques and concepts employed for the integrated management of businesses as a whole from the viewpoint of effective use of management resources, to improve the efficiency of an enterprise. They have many advantages both direct and indirect. The direct advantages include improved efficiency, information integration for better decision making, faster response time to customer queries etc. The indirect benefits include better corporate image, improved customer goodwill, customer satisfaction, and so on. (Sourced from: http://www.articlesbase.com/software-articles/a-recipe-and-ingredients-for-erp-failure-124383.html) FoxMeyer advocate ERP solutions as a part of their strategic development plan which would help to re-engineer their business processes in order to accomplish long-term goals. Actual cost for organisations does not only include installation cost, human cost and licensing cost. There are other costs with the implementation of ERP which as following. These costs are hard to measure but are way higher than actual costs. Project Costs: FoxMeyer had perception that continued perception will produces large payoffs i.e. the company expected a saving of $40 million annually. Psychological Costs: the consultants had prior records and history of success which encourages organisations to continue the project and generate high expectation with project, resulting uneven investments. FoxMeyer had more like this with what it could chew but embarking on a fast track project with unskilled staff. Social Costs: The consulting company did not externally justify projected. De-escalating the project through abandonment would have meant bad publicity. Organisation Costs: Organizations pay huge losses over delay in projects or lack of usage techniques which results undue investments without any outputs. Lack of change management might also result in order to control the increasing costs of operations and staff issues. Managers must realize other opportunity cost involve in the ERS system implication for example cash outflows which might result in better outputs in investing in other areas. Ans3. FoxMeyer had researched and analysed ageing population of America which presented grounds to expand their business and opportunity to grow bigger. Ans3a. FoxMeyer signed the contract to supply University Health System Consortium (UHC) Ans3b. FoxMeyer expected a growth in business due to an aging population and anticipated a growth in the pharmaceutical Industry. FoxMeyers long-term goals were to lower their operating expenses, manage the inventory more efficiently, gain greater share by expanding market and sales. FoxMeyer after developing and implementing new ERS system wanted to enhance more operations and efficiency and generate more order processing systems. Ans4. Risks involved in the project Implementation in Fox Mayer: Technical Risk: High technology always requires extensive capital for development. In Addition high technology needs research and development. It needs extensive testing which takes more time and funding. FoxMeyer tried implementing software with a big bang theory without extensive research or trials. Organisational Size: FoxMeyer being $5 billion Company working as wholesale distributor and manufacturer of pharmaceuticals product. Company extensively implemented EPR system thought-out its organization as whole instead trying and monitoring success in particular department or area. This resulted in sudden change in business operations and giving employees more tough time with their job without extensive training and skill assessment. Technical Novelty: SAP system employed by FoxMeyer was presented with high performance and saving company with a $40million per year on its operational costs. Though the technologies were new and have not been implied or tested anywhere in pharmaceuticals. FoxMeyer made a quick decision without reviewing or proper analysis of SAP which later on created havocs and problems for FoxMeyer after implementation. Even the SAP software was not compatible with current hardware and systems used by FoxMeyer. Company even forget to analyse the efficiency of usage in future of large orders since it has plans of expansion. Technical Expertise: SAP was new technology for FoxMeyer workers and they lack necessary skills to operate the businesses using new technology. SAP was introduced with big bang theory to the workers without proper training and skills assessment. Ans5a. FoxMeyer used a theory called big Bang Adoptions theory. This theory describes the adoption type of the instant changeover, when everybody with new systems moves to the fully functioning new systems on given date. Ans5b. FoxMeyer project Risks of customer mandate which relies on commitment from both top management and users. Although senior management commitment was high, reports reveal that some users were not as committed. There was a morale problem among workers especially in warehouse employees as they got threatened with three warehouse closures because of automation of warehouse. With the Big bang adoption theory, FoxMeyer changed all the EPR systems with SAP and also introduced new software for warehouse automation without any prior information to the workers. Workers were threatened by this approach and also felt lack of commitment from FoxMeyer as the company did not informed, revealed its future plans considering its workforce. Ans6. It can be arguable and quite out of understanding, when a FoxMeyer give allegation to SAP that the bankruptcy is because of the failure of their ERP system. After all how can a software package alone bring a large company down, which already had around 15000 satisfied users around the world? Thus, I believe the companys management are the reasons for their demise. On Contrary their can be various point that can be established over the demise of FoxMeyer. I would briefly discuss certain points which I Believe is relevant and to conclude who is responsible for the project failure leading to bankruptcy: Drawbacks of ERP system used by FoxMeyer: Implementation complexity Problems with business Strategy and Competitive advantage Over Budgets and Late projects Integration Problem Organisational Change and resistance to change Having analysed case I felt the demise was firstly architect by FoxMeyer management. Though even highly committed to this approach but they lack understanding of the consequences of implementation. Company had planned and had well established long term goals. But the vision is not effective unless it is strategically planned and implied. FoxMeyer management relied heavily on the outer sources of consultancies and software without researching any other alternatives or even checking any compatibility with its operations and system hardware. Project implementation was introduced with a big bang approach without even conducting certain trials or effective planning. There were so many risks involved with the project implication. However, I would not like to blame FoxMeyer for their poor planning; SAP and Anderson Consulting are too responsible for the failure. It can be argued that SAP had made false promises to the FoxMeyer highlighting that SAP is capable of high level order processing for FoxMeyer current system and is compatible with current Business operations and hardware. SAP being very complex software with complex functioning and with certain disability of integration of operation among different departments. Also, With Anderson Consultancy, Company was promised to provide all services, skills and training by consultancy. Which made the FoxMeyer relied heavily on the Consulting services and resisted to developed their skills or implement any change by them selves. Failure of services lead to chaos in FoxMeyer, resulting extensive loses in terms of customers, workers and productivity. Ans 7. Critical points among SAP and FoxMeyer: FoxMeyer had expectation with SAP, so much that it started building contracts with other companies like UHC considering high and efficient operations in future. Which resulted a heavy workload in computing of order processings when SAP was still being implemented and servers or hardware were not much compatible with such a work load. SAP too presented that hardware are compatible and SAP can be installed and will provide better techniques of order processing. However system failed to process 10000 audits per night where as previous ERP system could process up to 4000o orders each nights. SAP was much inexperienced into foray of high distribution technology and the system was not able to handle large volume of orders. The automation control too had constant bugs and FoxMeyer had to deploy hundreds of workers to work around the issues. The whole operations between the combined issues snowballed. Thus giving errors in order processing, inventory losses, resentment among workers etc. Which resulted in heavy loses of money, production, market reputation and brand. According to my Opinion, SAP wasnt efficient to such a high distribution and order processing ERP which resulted in failure of all operations and leading FoxMeyer to bankruptcy and even to there demise.

Leaving your city: Analysis :: essays research papers

The Poem that I chose to analyze is Agha Shahid Ali's titled Leaving Your City. This is a very appropriate choice of title because it clarifies and helps you to understand the movement of the poem. We have the writer and another character meeting and spending time together and then they are not together and the title helps us to understand that the writer has left the city of the newly met companion. Also the title is not stated with in the poem and is not a real clichà © title so I believe that that makes it work even better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The way Ali has broken up this poem is very interesting. He makes use of full sentences and only uses capitalization at the beginning of each sentence. However the way that each stanza is broken up puts a great deal of emphasis on specific lines throughout the poem. There is also enjambment throughout the entire poem and it makes you keep reading a sentence and at the same time has you look at the line the reader just read more carefully. There is also a great deal of end-stopped lines and line breaks which introduce an unexpected emphasis. There is one line that is just one word, the word meticulous, and that word alone really paints the picture of the nameless character that is involved in someway with the speaker. The way you are forced to read allows for a great reading experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ali pulls together very unlike images and makes them work very well together. The images however seem to be somewhat abstract. The stanza that really stands out to me is â€Å"you sharpened the knife   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   on the moon’s surface,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   polished it with lunatic silver.† (Ali) This is just very uncertain and it makes the reader have to think about what the speaker is saying. There are just so many different ways in which you can deduce that set of lines, which is definitely a good thing because then the reader definitely has their own interpretation and experience of the writing. The speaker never uses a simile flat out but everything that the speaker says is very important because there are so many events and movements that take place in this piece, yet it is all withered down to a few precise words that encapsulate everything the speaker is trying to convey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tone that the speaker sets is also very important to the reader empathizing.

Ethnography †Amish Religion Essay

In the modern era of technological and scientific advances such important life values as morality, feelings, and faith in particular still play key part in life of many people throughout the whole world. Regardless of various religions practiced globally, the Amish people attract attention of many scholars, scientists, and sociologists owing to their distinctive traditions, rituals, and uniqueness. The background of Amish religion goes back to the 16th century. At that time a Swiss pope Jacob Ammann who is referred to now as the creator of Amish church left the Mennonites, the Protestant community because they poorly observed the rules of the main postulates. At the turn of the 18th century the adherents of Jacob Ammann have set active process of migration from Germany, Switzerland, and Austria to Northern America. Arriving to this new undiscovered world they organized about fifty churches to worship their religion. A considerable number of immigrants have chosen such states as Indiana, Pennsylvania, and Ontario to be their final destination point as they were characterized by the most favorable climate (BELIEVE Religion Information Source). The Amish people concelebrate every other Sunday in private houses. Typically, men and women sit in different rooms during the church service not to disturb each other. In addition, the service is conducted by the pope, a pair of ministers, and a deacon. It has been historically established that women do not participate in managing and implementing services and rituals. As the Amish people traditionally reside in agricultural communities of about 150 people, they think that such human feelings as arrogance and pride are the grave crimes generated in a growing store of knowledge an individual may have. To stay away from this trouble and raise their offsprings in an environment of absolute obedience and submission, Amish people have set their own education system where their kids stop attending school after the 8th grade due to the idea that extra knowledge may harm their perception of the world and incite such unwelcome reactions as arrogance and ambitiousness. The followers of Amish religion believe that the understanding and knowledge obtained during high school and college is totally worthless for the agricultural activity of their community. (Wikipedia). In fact, the representatives of Amish religion still possess characteristic features that vividly prove their strict submission to their major postulates. The following are key points of Amish religion: †¢ Faith and family connections. The Amish consider religion to be closely associated with families as it the foundation for emotions, attitudes, formation of the consciousness, understanding of the world, etc. They believe that faith helps them to be more openhanded, kind-hearted, sincere, and responsible. The Amish are characterized by their own set of priorities established during their adolescence. This includes faith as priority number one, followed by family, agricultural activity, local community activities, and communication. The head of the family is in most cases a man who is responsible for financial and other important issues. Women are in charge of children upbringing and organizational issues of family life such as visiting guests, traveling within the Amish communities, etc. Amish women enjoy quilting and are very famous for it. Typically, family members keep in touch with each other even after children leave their home and create new family. The marriages are only allowed among the members of the Amish community. During their lives most of the Amish have only one spouse and never divorce. They consider faithlessness as a crime and therefore are rarely involved in cheating. (BELIEVE Religion Information Source). †¢ Refusal from technology is motivated not by individual choice but rather by the fact that it may serve as a reason of negative aspects of human behavior such as egotism, idleness, etc. Machinery or, to be more correct, the absence of it, has always been vital question in Amish agricultural community. They believe that technological innovations may lead to ambitiousness and indifference in terms of agricultural duties and responsibilities of community representatives. Playing a key role in scientific development, technology is not accepted among Amish people as it may turn the people away from their roots and origin. Electricity is also prohibited as well as public transportation, telephones, home appliances, etc. In fact, there are several advantages of lighting candles, riding horses, and farming. At the outset, agricultural products grown in the Amish community are organic, as they never include chemical fertilizers. (Wikipedia) †¢ Social behavior. Owing to their cultural and religious beliefs Amish people remain isolated from the rest of the world. They try to minimize their communication with strangers, foreigners, and people unknown to them. However, it doesn’t mean that they will stay away from you and let you die without giving you a hand. Amish people enjoy serenity, freedom, quietness, and peacefulness of their surrounding environment. Therefore, they usually laugh and speak quietly, walk slowly, and never offend each other. It is not typical for Amish community to use cameras because it may be taken as an interference of one’s private life. They believe that posing for cameras bring harm to their worldview. It is also rude to ask questions about beliefs, habits, and customs. Amish people appreciate respect, privacy, and space. Therefore they might not be excited to let the person in if s/he enters their territory without knocking the door (or in some way notifying about the arrival) or feeding their horse/pig. About, Inc. ) †¢ Problematic issues. The biggest challenge of being the representative of Amish religion is the separation from the rest of the world that may be both useful and harmful for the person and the community. Leaving school at the age of 15 is also somewhat unreasonable due to the fact that the knowledge gained during high school and college may become very practical in farming, agriculture, and daily routine work. Newly invented equipment can make the lifestyle of Amish people considerably easier giving them more time for church services and communication within their community. More often than not, foreigners perceive Amish people as aboriginal creatures and therefore in most cases it is very complicated to establish contact between each other. Also, non-Amish people have different points of view in terms of education, sociology, lifestyle, politics, etc, which also aggravates the situation and turns Amish away from them. One more significant challenge of living away from society is emergency cases. Typically, it takes long time before rescue services or police receive information about some emergency cases. Recently, more and more cases have been reported when parents sexually abuse their daughters, brothers-in-law sexually harass their sisters, etc. According to Amish postulates, no aggression should be present and no punishment included. However, in case of crime, the accused person should be isolated from Amish community for a certain period of time depending on the cruelness and immensity of the crime. In conclusion, it would be rather well to note that Amish religion comprises unique traits that have both negative and positive effect on their lifestyle as any other religion in the world. Reference http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amish http://pittsburgh.about.com/cs/pennsylvania/a/amish_country.htm http://mb-soft.com/believe/txn/amish.htm http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10570c.htm

Mortimer Wheeler Major Discovery Maiden Castle Essays

Mortimer Wheeler Major Discovery Maiden Castle Essays Mortimer Wheeler Major Discovery Maiden Castle Paper Mortimer Wheeler Major Discovery Maiden Castle Paper Essay Topic: History * What led the archaeologist to the site? Through his work, Wheeler had acquired an interest for excavating and examining sites in Britain. He had previously excavated Roman remains in Essex, Wales and Verulamium, a Pre-Roman settlement near St. Albans in England1. Maiden Castle, in Dorset County, offered much in the way of archaeology. It was thought to contain much evidence from Iron Age and Roman periods and offered a challenge for archaeologists to unearth its rich past. Mortimer Wheeler was drawn to the site because of the prospect of unearthing a piece in the puzzle of early British and Roman history. Wheeler saw it a challenge that he was up to, he attempted to use his experience to piece together a missing part in British history. * His methods of excavation. One of the main reasons Mortimer Wheeler is remembered today is for his pioneering of the box grid system. He developed a system that divided the field into small squares, each separated by a narrow baulk2. As the site of Maiden Castle was so large it was imperative that finds and their data were accurately recorded. Wheeler maintained strict control of his sites and meticulous organisation of stratigraphy, and all other aspects of operations on site, was exercised. It was commented that it took on the appearance of a military operation3. Each box had team with a leader who reported to Wheeler. As well as his use of the box grid method, Wheeler also used long narrow trenches alongside the boxes as well as exposing large areas of earth in the same area. He was very particular about finding, preserving as much evidence as possible in order to present accurate findings4. For example the discovery of certain fragments of ash in one of the stratum of the site led him to draw certain concl usions about the events that occurred there. * Problems encountered. Because of the protruding nature of the site of Maiden Castle it is easy to presume that excavation of the site would not pose much of a problem in regard to finding evidence. Because of the nature of the site and the civilisations that inhabited it this was not the case. After 2000 years of erosion much of the battlements and surrounding evidence had been destroyed5. Another problem in discovering evidence was the long periods of use undergone by the site. The site had been occupied by many civilisations including Neolithic, late Stone Age/early Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and possibly Saxon people. Because of the extensive use of the site much valuable information and evidence was destroyed, looted or misplaced6. * Significance of the discovery. The discovery of Maiden Castle was a huge discovery in the history of early Europe and its progression into modern times. Maiden Castle is the largest known hill fort in Europe and paints a vivid picture about the lives, technologies and cultures of the early Celtic settlement in the British Isles7. The evidence uncovered at Maiden Castle gives an indication of the likely militaristic nature of the Iron Age people who constructed the fort as we know it today. The data acquired from the castle also proves and confirms aspects of Roman occupation in Britain and their culture of the time8. * Problems of Reconstructing/Preservation When it comes to Maiden Castle there has been much disagreement and dispute over what events actually took place there. Mortimer Wheelers excavations led him to develop what was seen as a very elaborate and fictitious story about what occurred when the fort passed hands from the Celtic Durotriges tribe to the Romans9. Mortimers account was highly fictional involving a extremely vicious Roman massacre of all within the castle setting fire to all buildings and pillaging it to the ground10. This reconstruction by Mortimer was challenged by many archaeologists and has since been proven wrong11. This raises questions about the credibility of Wheelers work and poses doubts about whether this is truly what Wheeler believed of whether it was done for publicity reasons. Preservation of Maiden Castle was a big issue because of the exposed location of the structure. Maiden Castle has already undergone much degradation and erosion and measure to prevent further destruction of the site were undertaken by the English Heritage Commission12.

Evaluation of Cardiovascular and related Health Interventions in the Uk The WritePass Journal

Evaluation of Cardiovascular and related Health Interventions in the Uk Abstract Evaluation of Cardiovascular and related Health Interventions in the Uk , noo.org.uk/core/eval_websites NHS (2011) ‘Research to improve the health of the public and reduce inequalities in health’, Viewed, Jan 16th 2011, phr.ac.uk/ Steven Allender,  Charlie Foster,  Peter Scarborough,  Mike Rayner (2007), The Burden of Physical Activity related ill Health in the UK, J Epidemiol Community Health  ;61:344-348 Wrenn, B, Stevens, R E and Loudon, L (2006) Marketing research: text and cases (2nd Edition), Routledge, UK

Motivation, Stress, and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Motivation, Stress, and Communication - Essay Example The goal-setting theory is applicable in the process of motivating my performance. In fact, this theory was established by Edwin Locke in the 1960s and deals with the formulation of goals and objectives (Lunenburg, 2001). On the other hand, the theory explains particular challenges, objectives and a feedback system that are applicable in supporting the improvement of performance. In this case, I will apply goals as guidance to determine efforts needed to achieve these objectives. Moreover, these objectives will increase my motivation to work, thus leading to increased productivity. However, there is the need for clarification of various issues that can be regarded as complex objectives and motivating factors in order to reduce chances of formulating vague or basic goals. Nevertheless, I will focus on setting realistic and challenging objectives, which can promote a feeling of pride and triumph after these objectives have been met. Therefore, challenging goals are a crucial reward, and there is a passion associated with achieving them. Despite this, there will be the need for appropriate feedback, which will guide my behaviors and contribute to increased performance. Seeking clarification, regulation of difficulties and attaining reputation are the purposes of feedback, and these will motivate me to work in a way that facilitates job satisfaction. Moreover, this offers a basis for evaluation in order to determine the extent to which objectives have been achieved and those that are yet to be achieved. ... On the other hand, the theory explains particular challenges, objectives and a feedback system that are applicable in supporting improvement of performance. In this case, I will apply goals as guidance to determine efforts needed to achieve these objectives. Moreover, these objectives will increase my motivation to work, thus leading to increased productivity. However, there is the need for clarification of various issues that can be regarded as complex objectives and motivating factors in order to reduce chances of formulating vague or basic goals. Therefore, the clarification in objectives contributes to an increased performance, and these goals are coupled with deadlines for completion in order to avoid delays and misunderstanding. Nevertheless, I will focus on setting realistic and challenging objectives, which can promote a feeling of pride and triumph after these objectives have been met. Therefore, challenging goals are a crucial reward, and there is a passion associated with achieving them. Despite this, there will be the need for appropriate feedback, which will guide my behaviors and contribute to increased performance. Seeking clarification, regulation of difficulties and attaining reputation are the purposes of feedback, and these will motivate me to work in a way that facilitates job satisfaction. Moreover, this offers a basis for evaluation in order to determine the extent to which objectives have been achieved and those that are yet to be achieved. I will also focus on reinforcing performance by facilitating sustenance of desired behaviors. In this case, there is the need for borrowing ideas from the reinforcement theory of motivation that was

Destination Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Destination Management - Essay Example Destination management has therefore become a recommendable system to any destination that expects to remain relevant in the world market. A good plan for any destination is very important based on various reasons that are highlighted herein. One of the best reasons is been able to predict and regulate some of the changes that come with hosting visitors in a destination ( Khraisheh & Jawahir, 2011, p. 154).The ability to predict lies on the dynamics of the industry as well as the seasonality. Tourists flow in a particular destination depends on seasonality in year. Visitors will tend to develop interest in visiting destinations during particular seasons. This may be during cold seasons or certain times in a year when specific attractions can be witnessed. Another importance of destination management is to promote optimal development and orderliness. A destination manager should consider factors that may cause overflow of visitors in a destination and regulate such incidences by enfor cing policies that control the flow of tourist. This promotes development of the destination and prevents straining of basic amenities and degradation of the attractions (Mazane, 1999, p.214). The ability to have order in a destination promotes environmental conservation and prevents hostility from the host communities. In order to achieve the defined goals of destination management, the ability to demonstrate clearly defined objectives is vital. Objectives of a destination should be more elaborate and driven towards the achievement of a certain goal. Destinations are managed in order to realize profits while at the same time satisfying the visitor’s expectations (Robinson, 2011, p.68). Through the application of objectives and goals a destination is able to come with a strategic plan that is meant to boost the economy of a destination. Strategic plan may be by providing incentives to visitors, having political stability, good road network and infrastructure, ruling out any t ransmittable disease and so forth. A destination should be safe and secure so as to attract visitors. A strategic plan reduces loses while at the same time optimizing the benefits depending on a destinations carrying capacity. If a manager is able have an organized and a well-planned way of controlling and maintaining a constant flow of visitors in a destination, it becomes easier to optimize and plan on how to realize profits and reduces loses (Lis, 2010, p.77). This is possible only if a manager is able to research on the market dynamics and the chances of receiving visitors. Therefore proper planning requires the ability to optimize benefits while at the same time reducing loses. A good destination manager takes into consideration the needs of key players and stakeholders in the industry. The needs of stakeholders vary depending on the factors that influence the tourism markets (Das Gupta, 2011, p.239). Stakeholders include the tour operators, travel agents, transport systems, ac commodation facilities and recreation centers. The integration of all these stakeholders makes a destination complete through having a larger participation. Therefore it is important to put other stakeholder interests into consideration since they play part in some key roles in the industry. Figure 1.1 Integration in the industry Tour operators Tourism organizations Transport Travel Agents A place can only be referred to as a destination depending on the fact that it has all the necessities that are required. This includes